Recent signs of reactivation at the Sonbong Thermal Power Plant, a facility historically built with Soviet support, exemplify the multi-faceted cooperation between North Korea and Russia. This development, combined with the Tumen River vehicle bridge, secures the essential infrastructure needed to revitalize the Rason Special Economic Zone and is expected to lead to the eventual restart of the Sungri Oil Refinery. Together with the Bonghwa Oil Refinery in Sinuiju, this is expected to establish an energy supply chain on both the east and west coasts, backed by Russian and Chinese support.