AI analysis of satellite imagery of the Sonbong area has identified activity suggestive of preparations to restart the Sungri Oil Refinery. If restarted with Russian support, this could alleviate North Korea’s chronic fuel shortages, significantly contributing to the regime’s stability. The various petroleum products could also stimulate related industries. Increased cooperation with Russia could even worsen the effectiveness of sanctions imposed on North Korea due to its nuclear program. While increased vehicle use might marginally improve the lives of some citizens, the impact on military readiness could be significant. Enhanced training for mechanized units, warships, and fighter jets, facilitated by greater fuel availability, could pose a heightened threat to South Korea and US forces in Korea.