June 19 of this year marks the first anniversary of the signing of the ‘Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement’ between North Korea and Russia. Just two weeks ago, Russian Railways announced the resumption of the direct train service between Pyongyang and Moscow, which had been suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With this, the vehicle bridge – the overland route, symbolizing the final piece of the puzzle following air and sea routes – is now entering full-scale construction, signaling the imminent establishment of a complete, multi-modal transportation network between the two countries. Recently, North Korea and Russia agreed to dispatch an additional 6,000 personnel – including demining engineers and construction workers – signaling a significant expansion of bilateral cooperation across all sectors, including diplomacy, military, economy, education, culture, and health.