AI analysis of Nampo Port, North Korea’s largest port and closest to Pyongyang, reveals
significantly higher levels of activity compared to other major North Korean ports. While
other ports typically see 2-3 tankers and 5-10 cargo ships for trade (including coal exports),
Nampo Port consistently shows nearly 200 cargo ships and close to 30 tankers. This
activity has steadily increased since 2023, fueling debate over the effectiveness of
sanctions against North Korea.

Effective UN sanctions enforcement requires a multi-faceted strategic approach. Firstly,
international cooperation is paramount. Securing cooperation from key UN members,
particularly China and Russia, necessitates establishing a shared understanding of the need
for action and exploring mutually beneficial cooperation strategies. Secondly, efficient
monitoring mechanisms are crucial. This involves establishing a system that uses advanced
technology to monitor ports and borders, employing AI-driven analytics for enhanced
detection. Thirdly, identifying and disrupting individuals and entities that undermine
sanctions is vital, along with blocking their access to the international financial system.
Finally, a long-term strategy should address the root causes driving North Korea’s illicit
activities—economic needs and security concerns—through the establishment and
operation of a dedicated collaborative body.